要读的东西这么多，时间却这么少?这本《新吉姆·克劳》的简要概述告诉你在阅读米歇尔·亚历山大的书之前或之后你需要知道什么。精心制作和编辑，Worth Books为质量设定了标准，并为您提供了成为一个见多识广的读者所需的工具。米歇尔·亚历山大对《新吉姆·克劳》的简短总结和分析包括:历史背景逐章总结关键事件的详细时间线主要人物的简介重要语录精彩琐事术语表增强你对原著《关于新吉姆·克劳》的理解的辅助材料米歇尔·亚历山大:法律学者、民权律师米歇尔·亚历山大(Michelle Alexander)的宝贵而及时的作品《新吉姆·克劳》(The New Jim Crow)审视了她所谓的美国新的种族种姓制度:大规模监禁。亚历山大认为，继奴隶制和制度性歧视之后，大规模监禁是美国将非裔美国人和拉丁裔美国人非人化和剥夺公民权的遗产之一。根据亚历山大的说法，“我们并没有结束美国的种族等级制度;我们只是重新设计了它。”在很大程度上要感谢禁毒战争，今天有超过200万人在美国的监狱里，其中绝大多数是有色人种，他们因为轻微的毒品指控而被监禁。当这些成年人出狱后，他们往往被剥夺就业、住房、投票权和优质教育的权利。 As a result, they are rarely able to integrate successfully into society. The New Jim Crow is a well-argued call to dismantle a system of policies that continues to deny civil rights, decades after the passing of the Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts. The summary and analysis in this ebook are intended to complement your reading experience and bring you closer to a great work of nonfiction.
我们的总结简短、简单、实用。它能让你在不到30分钟的时间里掌握一本大书的基本思想。*通过阅读这篇摘要，你会发现今天在美国司法系统中仍然普遍存在的歧视。*你还会发现:美国的司法系统是建立在大规模监禁的基础上的;首要任务是打击毒品，监狱人满为患，却没有任何具体理由或积极影响;有色人种在监狱人口中所占比例不成比例;影响前囚犯的歧视是残酷和长期的;刑事程序中的结构性种族主义使其成为真正的种族控制系统。*在美国废除种族隔离和民权运动多年后，人们通常认为种族主义作为一种制度是一种悲伤的记忆。美国社会相信它可以在没有种族偏见的情况下生存，并确保机会平等。 For the vast majority of the African-American population, however, this hope is far from reality. For many young black men, prison is the most likely prospect for the future. Entire communities live under the threat of social stigma and the loss of all their rights. *Buy now the summary of this book for the modest price of a cup of coffee!
米歇尔·亚历山大(Michelle Alexander)列出了她打算通过她的书触及并告知的三个读者。第一类人非常关心种族公正，但他们还没有意识到大规模监禁有色人种带来的巨大危机。第二种人认识到刑事司法系统的趋势类似于几十年前的种族主义，但他们没有事实来支持他们的信念。最后，她希望能够接触到许多被监禁在美国监狱系统中的人。然后，她用解毒剂来解释她的主要观点，即美国的监禁制度延续了我国历史上明显的种族歧视。柯顿的曾曾祖父没有选举权，因为他是奴隶。科顿的曾祖父因为试图投票而被三k党杀害。由于三k党的威胁，他的祖父没有投票。科顿的父亲因为人头税和识字测试而不能投票。最后，科顿不能投票，因为他曾经被判为重犯。 Alexander explains that voting is the most basic democratic freedom and right, yet black people throughout U.S. history have been unable to hold or else exercise that right. Furthermore, racial discrimination continues today in a legalized form because once-convicted felons are legally required to explain their background and may be legally refused service or opportunities because of it. While the reasons and rationalizations that have been used to support racial exclusion and discrimination have changed over the years, the outcome is mostly the same. In other words, in spite of the seeming advances of today, discrimination continues under the pretext of a different language; while our society likes to exemplify a "colorblind" mentality, racist ideology is implicitly carried out through the criminal justice system. Once a person is labeled a felon, employment and housing discrimination are legal, even expected; furthermore, the right to vote, educational opportunities, jury service, and food stamps as well as other forms of public benefit are revoked. The pre-Civil War and pre-Civil Rights Movement discrimination has not ended but been redesigned.Here Is A Preview Of What You'll Learn When You Download Your Copy Today How Jim Crow Laws Have Evolved Through American History The Reason Why America Has The Highest Incarceration Rate Learn How The war On Drugs Was Set Up To Target MinoritiesDownload Your Copy Today!
了解美国少数族裔被不公正的法律针对，以使他们远离主流社会，所需的时间只是阅读实际书籍的一小部分!!仅在今天，只需2.99美元就能买到这本亚马逊畅销书。常规定价为9.99美元。在你的个人电脑、Mac电脑、智能手机、平板电脑或Kindle设备上阅读米歇尔·亚历山大(Michelle Alexander)列出了她打算通过她的书触及并告知的三类读者。第一类人非常关心种族公正，但他们还没有意识到大规模监禁有色人种带来的巨大危机。第二种人认识到刑事司法系统的趋势类似于几十年前的种族主义，但他们没有事实来支持他们的信念。最后，她希望能够接触到许多被监禁在美国监狱系统中的人。然后，她用解毒剂来解释她的主要观点，即美国的监禁制度延续了我国历史上明显的种族歧视。柯顿的曾曾祖父没有选举权，因为他是奴隶。科顿的曾祖父因为试图投票而被三k党杀害。 His grandfather did not vote because of the KKK's threats. Cotton's father could not vote because of poll taxes and literacy tests. And, finally, Cotton cannot vote because he was once convicted as a felon. Alexander explains that voting is the most basic democratic freedom and right, yet black people throughout U.S. history have been unable to hold or else exercise that right. Furthermore, racial discrimination continues today in a legalized form because once-convicted felons are legally required to explain their background and may be legally refused service or opportunities because of it. While the reasons and rationalizations that have been used to support racial exclusion and discrimination have changed over the years, the outcome is mostly the same. In other words, in spite of the seeming advances of today, discrimination continues under the pretext of a different language; while our society likes to exemplify a "colorblind" mentality, racist ideology is implicitly carried out through the criminal justice system. Once a person is labeled a felon, employment and housing discrimination are legal, even expected; furthermore, the right to vote, educational opportunities, jury service, and food stamps as well as other forms of public benefit are revoked. The pre-Civil War and pre-Civil Rights Movement discrimination has not ended but been redesigned. Here Is A Preview Of What You'll Learn When You Download Your Copy Today * How Jim Crow Laws Have Evolved Through American History* The Reason Why America Has The Highest Incarceration Rate* Learn How The war On Drugs Was Set Up To Target MinoritiesDownload Your Copy Today! The contents of this book are easily worth over $9.99, but for a limited time you can download the summary of Michelle Alexander's "The New Jim Crow" by for a special discounted price of only $2.99
这是米歇尔·亚历山大的《新吉姆·克劳:色盲时代的大规模监禁》的摘要《新吉姆·克劳》是一本被哈佛法学教授拉尼·吉尼尔称赞为“勇敢而大胆”的书，这本书直接挑战了巴拉克·奥巴马当选标志着一个新的色盲时代的概念。法律学者米歇尔•亚历山大(Michelle Alexander)极其坦率地辩称，“我们并没有终结美国的种族等级制度;我们只是重新设计了它。”美国的刑事司法系统通过“禁毒战争”(War on Drugs)以黑人为目标，大量摧毁有色人种社区，使数百万人沦为永久的二等公民——尽管它在形式上坚持“色盲”原则。用NAACP主席兼首席执行官本杰明·托德·杰勒斯的话来说，这本书是“行动的呼吁”。普利策奖得主、历史学家大卫·莱弗林·刘易斯称《新吉姆·克劳》为“惊人”，《科斯日报》称其为“无价”，《柯克斯》称其为“爆炸性”，《迈阿密先驱报》称其为“极其必要”，这本更新修订的平装版《新吉姆·克劳》是所有有良知的人的必读书籍。这篇摘要有多种格式可供选择，它的目标读者是那些既想抓住书中的要点，又没有时间读完全部336页的读者。你会得到主要的总结，以及这本书所提供的所有好处和教训。这是一个摘要，不打算在没有参考原著的情况下使用。
《新吉姆·克罗:色盲时代的大规模监禁》是美国作家兼法律学者米歇尔·亚历山大于2010年出版的一本非虚构书籍。这本书认为，反毒品战争和大规模监禁是种族化社会控制和压迫的工具，与美国南方吉姆·克劳时代的制度没有什么不同。《新吉姆·克劳》获得了全国有色人种协进会非虚构作品形象奖，继续出现在无数的种族正义阅读清单上，并被《高等教育纪事报》评为过去20年最具影响力的书籍之一。本学习指南参考新出版社2020年出版的十周年纪念版。在19世纪70年代到60年代之间，法律上的种族隔离、针对种族的选举法，以及其他一系列政治、法律和文化力量，有效地将生活在美国南部的黑人男女转变为二等公民——或者，如亚历山大所说，成为“低等种族”的成员(129)。美国历史上的这段时期被称为吉姆·克劳时代。虽然20世纪60年代的民权立法消除了这种特定形式的压迫和剥夺公民权，但80年代出现了一种新的种族化社会控制形式:大规模监禁。随着“反毒品战争”的启动和一系列严厉的犯罪法案，美国被监禁的人数在不到30年的时间里从30万飙升到200多万，其中大多数人是因为毒品罪，而且大多数是黑人。尽管美国白人和黑人出售和使用毒品的比例大致相同，但这种情况还是发生了。亚历山大认为，大规模监禁非但不能有效遏制犯罪，反而会增加暴力犯罪。 Given that the United States declared the War on Drugs before Americans even perceived drug use to be a serious problem, this leads Alexander to conclude that mass incarceration was designed as a system of racial control rather than an effort to combat violent crime...